Date: 2025/5/26
Category: Metallurgical encyclopedia terms
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Part 2: Fundamentals of Rail Steel–Classification and Technical Analysis of Steel Rails
1. Classification of Steel Rails
(1). By Steel Type
High-quality carbon rails: C, Mn for enhancing strength and toughness, such as U74, U71Mn
Alloy rails: V, Ti, Cr, Mo, etc., such as U76ReNb, U75V, U76CrRe
Heat-treated rails: Pearlite structure, high strength and high toughness
(2). By Mechanical Properties
Common rails: Yield strength ≥ 800 MPa
High-strength rails: Yield strength ≥ 900 MPa
Wear-resistant rails: Yield strength ≥ 1100 MPa
(3). By Usage
Light rails: Used in mining railways
Heavy rails: Used in passenger and freight railways
Suspended rails: For cranes, factory cranes (belonging to heavy rails)
2. Light Rails
(1). Material Specifications of Light Rails
Material: Q235B, carbon steel (50Q, 55Q), low alloy steel;
Specification: 30kg/m, 24kg/m, 22kg/m, 18kg/m, 15kg/m, 12kg/m, 9kg/m, 8kg/m.
3. Heavy Rails
(1). Definition and Usage of Heavy Rails
Rails with a nominal weight of more than 30kg per meter (33 - 50kg/m).
Both railway rails and crane rails belong to heavy rails.
Railway rails: Used for laying railways, required to withstand the pressure, impact
load and friction during train operation, requiring sufficient strength and certain toughness. The quality is strictly controlled, in addition to ensuring the chemical composition, it also requires inspection of mechanical properties, drop hammer test and acid immersion low-magnification structure, etc.
(2). Material Specifications of Heavy Rails
Material: 45MN, 50MN, 55MN, U71MN;
Specification: 50kg/m, 43kg/m, 38kg/m, 33kg/m, UIC 60kg/m railway rail cross-section diagram China 75kg/m railway rail cross-section diagram
UIC60kg/m Steel Rail Cross-Sectional Diagram
4. Crane Rails
(1). Definition and Usage of Crane Rails
Cranes rails: Also known as crane rails, with a lower height, larger head width and waist thickness dimensions, only requiring inspection of chemical composition and yield strength. Used for laying crane greater and smaller vehicle tracks. Rails with a nominal weight of 70 - 120kg/m per meter.
(2). Material Specifications of Crane Rails
Material: U71MN, U75V;
Specification: QU70 kg/m, QU80 kg/m, QU100 kg/m, QU120 kg/m 45MN.
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